OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical and economic impact of the incorporation of the monovalent conjugate vaccine against meningitis C caused by the Neisseria meningitides bacterium in children aged 0-4 years in the Brazilian public health system. METHODS: The analysis was developed for the period of 2009 to 2013. Were considered the actual number of cases of the disease recorded in the Notification Information System and deaths from meningitis C obtained from the Mortality Information System, and the estimates of long-term sequelae (amputation, skin scarring, renal failure, neurological sequelae and deafness) and of the costs due to sequelae, disease and vaccination. RESULTS: From 2009 to 2013, a decrease in the quantity of cases (684, 651, 563, 399 and 300, respectively) and in the number of deaths due to meningococcal meningitis (134, 111, 68, 61 and 47, respectively) was observed. There was also a reduction in the costs related with disease management (R$ 1,572,632.28, R$ 1,496,759.67, R$ 1,294,432.71 and, R$ 917,368.83, respectively) and with meningococcal meningitis sequelae (R$ 342,551.14, R$ 336,322.94, R$ 308,296.02, R$ 210,513.24 and, R$ 157,573.52, respectively). The three doses of the vaccine for children in their first year of life cost to the public treasury (R$ 0.00, R$ 270,863,108.24, R$ 266,933,428.24, R$ 263,150,498.68 and, R$ 259,515,275.33, respectively). Therefore, the estimate of the value spent by the government in the evaluated years was R$ 1,915,183.42, R$ 272,696,190.85, R$ 268,536,156.97, R$ 264,278,380.76 and, R$ 260,362,599.85. CONCLUSIONS: The Vaccine against meningococcal meningitis type C implementation in SUS (Unique Health System - Sistema Único de Saúde in Portuguese) – the national public health system in Brazil – in infants in their first year of life generated reduction of incidence, mortality and sequelae due to the disease, decreasing, over the years, the cost due to the disease and to its sequelae, although adding the cost with vaccination.