OBJECTIVES: Melanoma is the most common kind of cancer in the United States.  Low socio-economic status is associated with a diagnosis of melanoma at an advanced stage and higher mortality. The objectives of this study were to examine the healthcare resource utilization and treatment profile of adults with melanoma enrolled in Medicaid program. METHODS: The 2006-2008 Medicaid data for 36 states were used for the purpose of this study.  A retrospective matched cohort study design was used.  Study sample included individuals who were continuously enrolled in the Medicaid managed care program from 2006 to 2008, were between 18 to 65 years of age during the study period, had no previous history of cancer and had at least one inpatient and/or two outpatient claims for melanoma.  Propensity scores were used to match melanoma patients with non-cancer controls (1:2 ratio).  Melanoma-related healthcare use was determined in terms of inpatient (IP), emergency room (ER) visits, outpatient (OT) visits.  Drug and treatment use (surgery or radiation therapy) was also studied.   Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare all-cause resource use between melanoma cases and non-cancer controls. RESULTS: