OBJECTIVES:  This study aimed to estimates the current incidence and treatment cost of non-communicable diseases attributed to tobacco among Indonesian population in 2015. METHODS:  An epidemiological study was performed. Using national universal coverage database in 2015 we calculated the incidence and treatment cost of 19 diseases. Proportion of smoking attribution toward diseases and treatment cost due to smoking were calculated using smoking attributable fraction (SAF) formula, using the prevalence of smoking and relative risk of each disease. RESULTS: The study revealed that the incidence of smoking related diseases accounted for 991,331 about 21.6% of total incidence of chronic diseases in Indonesia. The highest rank of diseases prevalence was hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and ischemic heart disease. The treatment cost of smoking in Indonesia was conservatively estimated to be at least US$ 2,177 million, approximately 2.5% of the 2015 gross domestic product. A majority of the cost was largely concentrated in the male population (US$2,164 million). Treatment costs of hypertension, COPD, and ischemic heart disease had the highest cost burden. CONCLUSIONS:  This study finding provides scientific evidence about economic burden of smoking, particularly the healthcare expenditure covered by government. Tobacco control efforts need to be prioritized in to prevent higher losses of the nation. This study’s evidence is important for informing national public health policy to advocate the health promotion and prevention program.