PURPOSE:: The price of modern oncology drugs presents global payment challenges. While there have been many proposals aimed at constraining pricing through commercial arrangements between payers and companies, there has been little attention given to opportunities to reduce costs of treatment that would be incremental to any reduction in unit acquisition cost. This workshop will present an alternative approach: generating evidence to support the development of higher value (i.e., comparable clinical benefit at much lower cost) off-label treatment regimens that employ lower doses, shorter durations, and/or therapeutic substitutions. DESCRIPTION:: In this workshop (chaired by Dr. Sculpher), we discuss the global funding challenge of modern oncology drugs, resulting from advances in our understanding of cancer biology and immunology. We also present a potential contribution to the solution of the problem, the development of treatment regimens that aim to decrease drug costs by 50-90%. Specific examples will be presented, such as the use of food to enhance bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs labeled to be taken fasting (e.g., abiraterone). Strategies to fund and conduct such studies will also be discussed, including discussion of both governmental (e.g., the NHS England Research Plan) and non-governmental (e.g., Value in Cancer Care Consortium) opportunities, as well as the perspective and potential response from the pharmaceutical industry.