OBJECTIVES: To conduct an economic evaluation of Dasatinib versus Nilotinib as a second line treatment (SLT) of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in Greece. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted to synthesize the evidence concerning the efficacy of alternative therapies. The review revealed that the available data do not indicate any difference in terms of efficacy between Dasatinib and Nilotinib in SLT. As such, a cost-minimization analysis was performed to compare Dasatinib and Nilotinib. The analysis was conducted from a third-party payer perspective with one-year time horizon. Resource consumption data were obtained from a local expert, using a questionnaire developed for the purpose of the study and were combined with unit costs (in €2016) obtained from official sources. Because the time horizon did not exceed 1 year, no discounting was necessary for cost outcomes. One-way sensitivity analysis (OWSA) was undertaken to test the robustness of the results.  RESULTS: The analysis showed that in SLT, the total annual cost per patient with Dasatinib and Nilotinib was estimated at €34,086 and €34,937, respectively, resulting in a cost-saving of €850.61, for the former. The OWSA showed that the results were more sensitive to the drug acquisition cost of Dasatinib and Nilotinib. CONCLUSIONS: Based on available clinical and local resource utilization and unit cost data, the present study suggests that, in a one-year time horizon, Dasatinib may be a cost-saving treatment option compared to other alternative therapies in SLT of CML patients in Greece.