[Objectives] General course of chronic disease is a long and slow process, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases. Chronic diseases have now become the leading cause of death, especially the cerebrovascular disease, malignant tumor, etc. China has taken corresponding measures to cope with chronic disease, and higher requirements of prevention and control are put forward in the “13^th year plan”. However, the situation is still grim. This study aims to analyze the current situation. [Methods] The study is mainly based on a comprehensive literature review, which covers both domestic and international data bases, such as “CNKI”,”Wanfang data”, Pubmed and so on. In addition, expert interviews are also conducted in order to have a better understanding of practical environment. [Results] We found that deaths caused by chronic disease has become the main cause of deaths, taking up 86.6% of total deaths and nearly 70% of the total burden of disease. In 2012, prevalence rate in adult population is 25.5% for hypertension and 9.7% for diabetes. According to Chinese cancer registration result in 2013, Chinese cancer incidence reached 235/100,000. Smoking, excessive drinking, lack of physical activity and unhealthy diet are main risk factors. The Chinese government issued a series of policies to deal with the problem. Mortality rate of lung cancer chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and strokes tended to decline after the implementation of related policies. [Conclusions] The study found that prevention and control of chronic disease must focus on early prevention, early treatment, advocating a healthy life, and whole monitoring. The cause needs a joint efforts and good cooperation of government and social parties.