OBJECTIVES:  Evaluate the public health and economic impact of a gender neutral HPV vaccination (GNV) program for preventing cervical cancer, anal cancer, genital warts, and mortality due to HPV related cervical and anal cancer in Brazil. METHODS:  A previously developed and validated dynamic transmission model was adapted and calibrated for Brazil. The model compared a two-dose routine vaccination program for girls aged 9 years combined with a catch up program for 10-13 year old girls with a vaccination program for 9 years old boys and girls (GNV model) with a catch up vaccination program for 10-13 year old boys and girls. The model estimated the impact of the vaccination programs on public health and healthcare costs over a 100 year time horizon. The epidemiological and QALY data were either obtained from local sources or from the literature. Economic data was obtained from the SUS database. RESULTS: Over the 100 year time horizon, the GNV with a catch up program showed an additional decrease in the annual incidence of cervical cancer by 6.1%, cervical cancer mortality by 5.7%, and anal cancer in women and men by 6.7% and 16.8%, respectively. Also associated to HPV, the genital warts costs showed a reduction of 29% in male population. The model estimated savings of USD$68Mi over the 100 year time horizon, The ICER of the GNV with catch up program versus the girls with catch up program was of USD$ 2,210, which is equivalent to 1 GDP per capita, therefore very cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS:  In Brazil, the expansion of HPV vaccination program to boys is expected to reduce HPV-related morbidity and mortality. A gender neutral vaccination program is expected to be very cost-effective and may warrant a change in the current female-only vaccination policy.