OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the clinical, functional and economic benefits of Inpatient Rehabilitation for four major health conditions: stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI), multiple sclerosis (MS), and fractures. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CEA Registry, and NHS EED electronic databases were searched using combinations of three sets of key words that included various terms for rehabilitation, benefits, and treatments. The outcomes considered included measures of independence in activities of daily living (ADL), motor function, disability, handicap, gait velocity, quality of life, and economics. The identified studies were reviewed and assessed for inclusion by two independent researchers based on pre-determined criteria. The data of selected studies were extracted into a data extraction form and consequently were synthesized. RESULTS: Fifty articles met the inclusion criteria. Particularly, 21 studies evaluated rehabilitation subsequently to stroke, 15 studies evaluated rehabilitation after SCI, seven studies evaluated rehabilitation of MS patients and finally four studies evaluated rehabilitation patients with fractures. The remaining three studies referred to mixed patient population (i.e. post- stroke patients and SCI patients or fracture patients). The majority of studies indicated that inpatient rehabilitation can provide clinical and functional benefits for all patient groups under consideration. The effectiveness may be influenced by factors such the age of patients, his medical history, socio-economic status and onset of rehabilitation. Moreover, economic evaluations indicate that rehabilitation may be cost saving or cost-effective in certain patient groups such as those with fractures and stroke. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present review demonstrate that existing studies in the literature indicate that inpatient rehabilitation may deliver significant health and economic benefits for patients suffering from stroke, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, or fractures and for health systems. Further research is needed to improve the consistency and robustness of the evidence available.