OBJECTIVES:  To determine risk of and to identify predictors of a short term (ST) disability claim among US commercially insured migraineurs. METHODS:  The Truven Health MarketScan Commercial and Health and Productivity Management Databases were used to identify adult migraine patients (ICD-9 code 346.XX and/or migraine-specific medications) from 2008-2013. Continuous enrollment was required for 12 months before and after the day they received migraine diagnoses and/or medications (index). Migraine and non-migraine patients were matched 1:1 on age, gender, region, health plan type, and index date. The primary outcome was presence of a ST disability claim one year post-index, assessed using logistic regression. The first model compared migraine patients to their matched controls while the second identified risk factors within migraine patients. RESULTS:  71,742 migraineurs and their matched controls met inclusion criteria (mean age=41.1 years [SD=9.7], 73.0% female). Overall, 16.7% of migraine patients had an ST disability claim compared to 6.7% of matched controls (p<0.001); total ST disability duration was greater for migraine patients (47.7 days [SD=48.3] versus 39.3 days [SD=40.1], p<0.001). Migraine patients were 1.94 times more likely to have a ST disability claim than their matched controls after adjusting for baseline demographic and clinical characteristics (95% CI[1.83, 2.05], p<0.001). Comorbid conditions including anxiety, asthma, chronic pain, depression, diabetes, fibromyalgia, other headache disorders, and hypertension were associated with increased risk of a ST disability claim in both models; increased age and being male were both associated with lower risk. Untreated migraine patients were more likely have ST disability claims than those treated with acute or prophylactic medications (OR=1.23) or both--acute and prophylaxis (OR=1.07). CONCLUSIONS:  Migraine patients are twice as likely to have ST disability claims than, non-migraine patients during one-year study period. Untreated migraine patients and those with certain chronic conditions were more likely to have ST disability claims.