OBJECTIVES: To perform pharmacoeconomic evaluation of inhibitors of tyrosine kinase (Gefitinib and Erlotinib) in European patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and a mutation in EGFR gene. METHODS: The study was based on EURTAC and IFUM clinical studies. We conducted modelling in the framework of budget impact. Two strategies of patient management in groups of 100 persons were considered: 250 mg Gefitinib once daily per os and 150 mg Erlotinib once daily per os. According to the clinical studies, patients in this therapy are in remission before the advanced stage of the disease. The duration of therapy (progression-free survival, PFS) with tyroxine kinase inhibitors was 9.7 months. The main value of the efficiency was the share of patients with clinical response and without serious side effects (III-IV degree). The frequency of side effects corresponded to the values in the clinical trials (15% in Gefitinib group and 45% in Erlotinib group). Direct costs of drugs and hospitalization in case of the development of III-IV degree side effects of the drug therapy were considered. RESULTS: According to our calculations, the costs of drug therapy is somewhat higher in the group of Gefitinib (77,817,176 RUB) compared to Erlotinib group (74,169,726 RUB). The cost of hospitalization of patients in Erlotinib group is 3 times higher (945,000 RUB and 315,000 RUB). The total cost is 78 267 176 RUB and 75 519 726 RUB for Gefitinib and Erlotinib, respectively. The cost-efficiency ratio (CER) is 920,790.30 for Gefitinib and 1,373,085.93 for Erlotinib. The sensitivity analysis in respect of the change of price of the studied strategies confirmed our results. CONCLUSIONS: We confirm the pharmacoeconomic efficiency of Gefitinib. Although the costs of its use are somewhat higher in our model, it leads to a lower rate of hospitalizations and to more preferable cost-efficiency ratio.