OBJECTIVES:  Although the problem of antimicrobial resistance has attracted the attention of both the medical community and the general public, the magnitude of the impact of resistance on the health and the economic outcomes remains largely unknown. The aim of this present study was to compare carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative (CRGN) and carbapenem-susceptible Gram-negative (CSGN) infections’ health care costs, lenght of stay (LOS) and mortality. METHODS:  This is a retrospective observational cohort study of children treated in Hacettepe University Children's Hospital between January and December 2014. The patients were divided as CRGN and CSGN blood stream infection groups according to resistance patterns and the outcome of infections and total costs due to hospital stay were compared. RESULTS: A total of 91 blood stream infections were treated in hospital for gram negative bacteremia. Sixty-one percent of infections were caused by CSGN pathogenes and 39% were caused by CRGN pathogenes. Although the lenght of treatment (LOT) was not different between the groups (p=0.93), the total LOS of patients was significantly longer in CRGN group than that of the CSGN group (p=0.009). Additionally the infection-related mortality was significantly higher in CRGN group than that of the CSGN group (p=0.02). The median cost of CSGN and CRGN infections were 13.600 $ and 10,446 $, respectively (p=0.70). Because infection related mortality of patients with CRGN infection was higher and patients died at the early stage of treatment. In other words lenght of treatment duration was lower although total lenght of hospitalization of CRGN was higher. CONCLUSIONS: Bacteremia caused by CRGN was associated with significantly higher total LOS than the infections caused by CSGN, whereas the cost of CRGN infections was relatively lower than the cost of CSGN infections. This finding possibly may be attributed to the higher infection related mortality of patients with CRGN infections than that of the CSGN infections.