BACKGROUND: Sorafenib is the oral multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is approved for treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC), advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and advanced radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The government drug provision program (GDPP) in Russia currently covers the only option for targeted treatment of RCC - bevacizumab, but there are no available targeted drugs for HCC and RAI-refractory DTC. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess costs associated with inclusion of sorafenib into GDPP. METHODS: We calculated medication costs for a group of 100 patients: 87 with RCC, 10 with HCC and 3 with RAI-refractory DTC - during one year using sorafenib (400 mg twice daily). Proportion of patients with different tumors represents Russian morbidity structure. The costs for sorafenib were compared with current expenditures for the same group of patients in the framework of GDPP when 87 people with RCC receive combination of bevacizumab (10 mg per kg once in 2 weeks) and interferon alpha (9 millions ME three times per week) and others do not receive treatment. RESULTS: Sorafenib for RCC is the cost-saving alternative compared to bevacizumab + interferon alpha: $27,600 and $58,360 per patient-year. One-year sorafenib treatment of 100 patients with different types of tumors requires $2,8 million, which is $2,3 million less compared to current use of bevacizumab + interferon alpha for RCC patients only. CONCLUSIONS: Including sorafenib into Russian GDPP will provide targeted treatment for patients with HCC and RAI-refractory DTC and decrease expenditures in the framework of the analyzed drug provision program if sorafenib replaces bevacizumab for RCC.