OBJECTIVES:  To compare the cost-benefit of preset artery blood samplers and disposable syringes in arterial blood sampling in China. METHODS: From literature review in English and Chinese, a meta-analysis was conducted on the use of preset artery blood samplers and disposable syringes in arterial blood sampling. Based on the results, a cost-benefit model (EXCEL 2013) was developed to calculate the economic impact on clinical operation. A semi-quantitative questionnaire was designed and delivered to ICU nurses in four hospitals (beds≥500) in China to collect clinical efficacy, efficiency and costs data. The data were introduced into the model for the final calculation. One way sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the robustness of results. RESULTS: The meta-analysis showed that using preset artery blood samplers can reduce specimen rejection rate (risk difference [RD] -0.12, 95％CI: -0.16,-0.19, P<0.00001, I=76%), vein blood drawing rate (RD -0.11, 95％CI: -0.14,-0.08, P<0.00001, I=29%), and one-puncture failure rate (RD -0.18, 95％CI: -0.25,-0.10, P<0.00001, I=94%), which would decrease blood redraw. It also showed the reduction of the incidence rate of hematoma (RD -0.14, 95％CI: -0.18,-0.09, P<0.00001, I=36%), which would save on disposal costs. The questionnaire results showed that the blood collection time by the preset artery blood samplers was less than that of the disposable syringes (1.77 vs. 3.55min, P=0.000). These data, combined with costs data, were introduced into the model. The model indicated that using preset artery blood samplers instead of disposable syringes can save US$ 8,963 for every 10,000 arterial blood sampling. Sensitivity analysis did not change the conclusion, which validated the robustness of the results. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with disposable syringes, preset artery blood samplers improve clinical outcomes and reduce the medical costs of arterial blood sampling, which will benefit both hospitals and patients.