OBJECTIVES:  To determine trends in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) medication use and expenditures in the US from 2000 to 2010. METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of the household component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data from 2000 to 2010 (using the full-year consolidated data files and prescribed medicines files) involving all ADHD patients (International Classification of Disease 9th revision [ICD-9] code 314) on any FDA approved ADHD medication. Outcome measures were ADHD medication utilization and cost (adjusted to 2010 dollars). Since MEPS employs a complex, probabilistic survey design, standard error estimates were computed using the ‘SURVEY’ procedures of SAS.  RESULTS: The percentage of the total US population on ADHD medications grew from 0.7% in 2000 to 1.4% in 2010 with an estimated average annual utilization growth rate of 13.1%. Aggregate spending on all ADHD medications increased from $684.9 million in 2000 to $3.6 billion in 2010 with an estimated average annual spending growth rate of 42.7%. Average spending on ADHD medication per user increased from $356.9 (SE=$23.0) in 2000 to $816.2 (SE=$55.5) in 2010. Stimulants accounted for over 70% of total yearly spending on all ADHD medications between 2000 and 2010. From 2002, long-acting stimulants accounted for the majority (>60%) of the total yearly spending on stimulant medications. Furthermore, across the years by demographic sub-groups, younger children (≤12 years), males, individuals on private health insurance, and low/middle income families had the highest ADHD utilization rates (>37%) and accounted for the highest proportion (>39%) of spending on all ADHD medications.   CONCLUSIONS: A steady growth in ADHD medication use and expenditure was observed across 2000 to 2010 with the key growth drivers being younger children (≤12 years), males, individuals on private health insurance, and low/middle income families.