OBJECTIVES: To investigate the outcomes of patients with schizophrenia who lacked symptomatic control with conventional antipsychotics who were switched to olanzapine. METHODS: A post-hoc analysis was conducted on the China subgroup (n=475) of a multi-country, 12-month, prospective, non-interventional observational study. Outcome measures included: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S), Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS) and the brief WHO-Quality of Life Scale (WHO-QoL-BREF). Mixed models for repeated measures controlling for baseline scores, gender, age, baseline weight, and investigator were used to assess outcomes. RESULTS: Mean baseline CGI-S was 5.02 (95% C.I.: 4.94, 5.11). Most patients responded to olanzapine - 97% (95% C.I.: 94%, 98%) defined as a reduction in BPRS total score at endpoint by ≥30% relative to baseline. Significant improvements were observed in clinical status. LsMean change in BPRS total at month 12 from baseline was -33.3 (95% C.I.: -33.9, -32.8), and -3.4 for CGI-S (95% C.I.: -3.5, -3.3). Quality of life improved significantly for all domains of the WHO QoL-BREF. LsMean changes (improvements) from baseline to month 12 were: Physical 26.1(95% C.I.: 25.1, 27.2), Psychological 28.9 (95% C.I.: 27.6, 30.2), Social 26.1 (95% C.I.: 24.5, 27.6) and Environment 24.3 (95% C.I.: 23.0, 25.6). Mean olanzapine dose at endpoint was 7.6mg (range 2.5, 25.0mg). AIMS score decreased from 3.9 to 0.3 (p<.0001) over the course of the study. Olanzapine treatment was associated with a mean weight gain of 4.2kg (95% C.I.:3.8, 4.6), and 43% (95% C.I.: 38%, 48%) gained ≥7% of their baseline weight over 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: This post-hoc analysis suggests that for patients from mainland China with schizophrenia who are still symptomatic, despite previous treatment with conventional antipsychotics, switching to olanzapine may result in additional benefits in terms of further improvement in symptoms and quality of life, and a reduction in abnormal involuntary movements.