OBJECTIVES: Tobacco consumption is a major public health concern. Every six seconds someone dies due to smoking and every second smoker will die from smoking-related disease. Smoking double the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality, but smoking cessation significantly reduces this risk. In order to best target resources for intervention, this study identified subgroups in a generalizable population who have the lowest smoking cessation rates. METHODS: This is a population-based retrospective observational study that assessed cessation rates among members of Clalit Health Services (Clalit), the largest health maintenance organization in Israel, who were aged 18 and older and reported that they were current smokers between 2010 and 2014. RESULTS: There are about 642,000 Clalit members who reported that they were current smokers during the past between 2010 and 2014 (consistent with the national rate of 21.1% in 2014). Of those 14.1% reported in 2014 that they quit smoking, versus 11.0% of the smokers reported that they had quit smoking in 2011. Cessation rates were lowest among women of certain age groups: 7.2% for those aged 18-21 and 13.8% for those aged 45-54 versus 19.9% for those aged 25-34, and 22.5% for those aged 65-74. Smokers from lower socioeconomic status had lower smoking cessation rates compared to higher socioeconomic status (11.0% vs. 19.0%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: As of 2014, only one in seven currents smokers reports quitting and members from low socioeconomic status and young and midlife-age females have the lowest smoking cessation rates. Therefore, healthcare providers and smoking cessation interventions should consider focus on those populations.