Expenses for anticancer treatment in France have grown substantially with an average annual cost increase of 17.7% between 1999 and 2009. This is due to access to expensive targeted therapies, higher cancer incidence rates and overall survival in patients with advanced disease. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate physician opinions and attitudes and their evolution between 2003 and 2013 regarding the costs of anticancer treatments METHODS: Conducted in France biennially, the « Cancérologie » study measures physician opinions/attitudes on today’s relevant topics. Latest waves of this study included a series of questions on the cost of anticancer treatments, allowing for analysis of the evolution of responses. In 2013 315 physicians who work in French public or private hospitals and prescribe antitumor treatments for solid and/or liquid cancer participate to the study. RESULTS: In 2003, 54% of physicians considered cancer related budgetary issues ‘very important’. Over the years, this percentage progressively decreased until dropping to 25% in 2013. However, in 2003, 68% predicted that the budgetary situation would deteriorate further compared with 73% in 2013. The contrast between the pessimistic perceptions of the future and a reality which is perceived less and less problematic demonstrates the dual mindset of physicians who are at once: - Citizens conscious of how the growth of costs can only end in an impasse, - Clinicians whose prescriptions remain guided by therapeutic goals. Thus in 2013, 62% of physicians indicated that costs had little to no impact on their choice of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: New molecule availability will cause costs of anticancer therapies to continue to grow at the same rate seen in recent years. If physicians do not take greater responsibility for their prescriptions’ costs, the only solution would be coercive measures.