OBJECTIVES: Individuals with diabetes are particularly susceptible to influenza and pneumonia infection. They are recommended to receive annual influenza vaccination during flu season and at least one pneumonia shot during lifetime. The Healthy People 2010 Initiative set a goal of vaccinating 90% of those diabetic adults over 65 years old and 60% among diabetic patients less than 65 years of age. Vaccination coverage among diabetic adults in the United States,  however, is understudied. METHODS: We analyzed the 2006-2010 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to 1) estimate the influenza and pneumococcal vaccine coverage rates among adults with diabetes over the 5-year study period adjusting for weights, and 2) identify factors that are potentially associated with both vaccinations among this population using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Among diabetic adults aged 18 to 64 years old, both influenza and pneumonia vaccination coverage decreased in 2007 and increased steadily from 2008 (weighted estimates: 47.5% for influenza and 32.2% for pneumonia) to 2010 (weighted estimates: 53.4% for influenza and 38.2% for pneumonia). For those aged 65 years or older, influenza vaccination coverage was relatively stable from 2006 to 2009 but reduced in 2010. Pneumonia vaccination rates did not vary much from 2006 to 2010. Overall, both coverage levels were substantially higher among the aged group. Factors that positively associated with vaccination were 65 years or older, high school education or above, being married, having a health insurance, formal smoking, longer duration of being diabetic, having at least one comorbid chronic condition, having more than 2 physician encounters in last 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: The influenza and pneumonia vaccination coverage increased marginally among adults with diabetes from 2006 to 2010 but the objective of Health People 2010 had not achieved yet. Special efforts could be implemented to enhance both vaccine coverage among diabetic adults.