OBJECTIVES: To develop a revised version of the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale (MOS-Sleep-R), and to evaluate its psychometric properties within a representative sample of US adults.    METHODS: The MOS-Sleep, developed in the late 1980s, is a 12-item patient-reported instrument measuring sleep outcomes over the previous 4 weeks, yielding six domain scores – Disturbance, Adequacy, Somnolence, Snoring, Awakening to due to shortness of breath/headache, and Quantity – and two global Sleep Problem Indices (SPI).  The MOS-Sleep-R implemented the following changes: the response option “a good bit of the time” was removed; a 1-week recall period form was introduced; and 0-100 scores were replaced by standardized T-scores (mean=50, standard deviation=10 in the US general population) with higher scores reflecting better sleep outcomes.  Standardization was based on data from a 2009 US internet-based general population survey.  The psychometric properties of both 1-week and 4-week recall forms of the MOS-Sleep-R were examined within this development sample. RESULTS: The 1-week and 4-week recall forms of the MOS-Sleep-R were completed by 2045 and 2033 respondents, respectively.  The psychometric properties of the 1-week and 4-week forms were similar.  Patterns of inter-item and item-scale correlations support the scaling assumptions of the instrument.  All multi-item domains, global index scores, and the total scales showed adequate internal consistency reliability (all Cronbach’s α > 0.75). Patterns of correlations between MOS-Sleep-R scores with criterion measures of quality of life, psychological state, and work and health outcomes indicated adequate convergent validity.  Differences in mean scores across groups that differed on the criterion outcomes supported the instrument’s discriminant validity.     CONCLUSIONS: The MOS-Sleep-R introduces a number of improvements, including simplified response sets, the introduction of a 1-week recall form, and norm-based scoring that enhances interpretability of scores.  Both the 1-week and 4-week recall period forms of the MOS-Sleep-R demonstrated good reliability and validity.