OBJECTIVES: Minority, underserved patients, such as African Americans and Hispanics, are at increased risk of anticoagulation related complications. Evidence shows that non-adherence has a negative influence on anticoagulation control. Therefore, the objective of the study was to identify patient factors affecting non-adherence with anticoagulation therapy in an inner-city, underserved minority population. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of inner-city minority patients who received care at the University of Illinois at Chicago Antithrombosis Clinic. Data on socioeconomic and clinical characteristics, social support and factors associated with modes of transport to the clinic were collected by using survey questionnaires and reviewing medical records. Linear regression was performed to identify factors that could be potentially associated with non-adherence to anticoagulation therapy.   RESULTS: A total of 243 African American (n=180) and Hispanic (n=63) patients participated in the survey. The mean age was 54.30 ± 17.49. The majority of the patients were female (72.84%), had an education level of high school or less (60.44%), an annual income of