OBJECTIVES: We performed an indirect comparison of efficacy and safety data for two combination chemotherapy regimens (pemetrexed/cisplatin [PC] and bevacizumab/cisplatin/gemcitabine [BCG]) approved for the first-line treatment of advanced, non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Our objectives were to compare the survival outcomes and approximate mean incremental costs in México for these two approved regimens using data from two phase III trials with a common comparator (cisplatin/gemcitabine [CG]).  METHODS: An indirect treatment comparison was conducted using the Bucher method. One study compared CG with BCG and included two doses of bevacizumab, but only the data for the 7.5 mg/kg dose of bevacizumab was included in our analysis because this dose is more commonly used for NSCLC in México. The cost analysis included the estimated costs of chemotherapy and costs related to the treatment of grade 3 or 4 adverse events. Total chemotherapy drug costs were based on the mean number of cycles of chemotherapy delivered in the two studies. Costs were calculated in 2011 Mexican pesos and converted to US dollars. RESULTS: Significantly fewer patients experienced a grade ≥3 adverse event with PC than BCG (risk difference: -10.50%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -18.4 to -2.71, p=0.008). Overall survival was not significantly different for PC vs BCG (hazard ratio [HR]=0.87, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.10, p=0.242), although in the individual trials PC had a significant survival advantage over CG (HR=0.84; 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.96, p=0.011) while BCG (7.5 mg/kg bevacizumab) had no survival advantage (HR=0.93; 95% CI: 0.78 to 1.11. p=0.420). The total estimated costs were $20212 lower for PC than BCG.  The cost savings for the PC regimen were predominantly due to lower pharmacy-related drug costs ($10501 vs $30121). CONCLUSIONS: PC had lower estimated costs and less serious toxicity compared to BCG and produced at least comparable survival outcomes.