OBJECTIVES: China’s medical insurance coverage surpassed 95% nationwide by 2011 under three basic medical insurance schemes UEBMI, URBMI and NCMS, partly due to the government’s heavy investment since 2009. It is still inconclusive whether the increased coverage rate has improved access to care.  Past studies using the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) focused on data before 2009. This study investigates effects of the three different insurance schemes on health services utilization after the 2009 new health reform. METHODS: An analysis was conducted on 2009 and 2011 data from the CHNS (sampling totally 23202 people from 9 provinces). To control for confounding factors, propensity score matching models were developed controlling for relevant factors such as age, gender, income, educational level and health status. The level difference of health service utilization was compared between each insured and the uninsured group. Attempts were also made to compare average treatment costs per episode; however the data set is incomplete for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In the matched samples, the UEBMI group on average used 2.7% less outpatient services (p<0.05) but 1.2% more inpatient services than the uninsured group (p<0.05).By contrast, the URBMI group was more likely to pay both outpatient and inpatient visits than the uninsured, although both improvements were not statistically significant (p>0.05). People in the NCMS group were 5.6% less likely to use outpatient services (p<0.05); they also tended to use inpatient services less (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Access to care across the varying schemes is not equal. Differences between the UE/URBMI and the uninsured may be resulted from different health statuses, but also they could reflect the tendency among the employed to delay care seeking. The relative underutilization of care by the rural population points again to high co-payment requirement. More research is necessary to understand the interplay of care infrastructure and individual care utilization in China.