OBJECTIVES To estimate the burden of myelofibrosis (MF) in Greece, focusing on epidemiological data, quality of life (QoL), direct and indirect costs. METHODS A 17-page questionnaire was developed, validated, and completed with the Delphi technique. It included questions on epidemiological, resource use, QoL and socioeconomic data. An expert panel with 9 KOL haematologists was convened consisting of experts from the largest Haematology Units of Greece, covering geographically six out of seven Regional Health Authorities. Unit costs in 2014 prices were taken from officially published sources. The societal perspective was adopted. RESULTS Prevalence and incidence rates of MF in Greece are approx. 2.5: 100,000 and 0.7: 100,000 people respectively, corresponding to approx. 270 patients (71.7% with primary and 28.3% with secondary) and 76 new cases every year; 92% of the patients present with splenomegaly at diagnosis, 1/3 of which reduce their daily activities. Current treatment options in Greece are ruxolitinib and best supportive care (BSC). 72.6% of the primary and 65% of the secondary MF patients treated with ruxolitinib show improvement of splenomegaly vs. 23% and 7%, respectively for patients treated with BSC. Ruxolitinib patients show QoL improvement and less splenectomies (<1%) compared with BSC patients (~3%). Work loss days associated with ruxolitinib are estimated at 23 days per year (51 days for BSC), and 20% of them return to work after treatment (5% for BSC). The annual direct cost of managing all MF patients in Greece is estimated at €1.65 million, including pharmaceutical, hospital, follow-up costs, blood transfusions, and management of infections. Productivity losses are estimated at €217,975 per year, resulting in a total annual burden of approx. €1.87 million. CONCLUSIONS MF is associated with significant burden to patients, their families, and to the society. Treatment with ruxolitinib appears to improve patients’ QoL and reduce indirect costs, mainly through reduction of splenomegaly and splenectomies.