OBJECTIVES To indirectly compare the efficacy of approved treatments for macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS Randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy at month 6 (or month 12) of at least two of ranibizumab 0.5mg pro re nata (after 6 monthly doses), aflibercept 2.0mg monthly, dexamethasone implant (retreatment interval ≥6 months), laser photocoagulation or sham were identified from a published systematic review, congress abstracts, clinicaltrials.gov and Novartis data on file. Outcomes of interest were the mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, measured as Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters), and the percentage of patients gaining ≥15 letters. For two studies, the standard deviation around mean BCVA gain was estimated. A Bayesian network meta-analysis with random treatment effects was used to compare mean BCVA gains and odds ratios (ORs) for gaining ≥15 letters. RESULTS The analysis included seven RCTs. Patient-level data for three ranibizumab trials were re-analysed to match key inclusion criteria (BCVA and duration of disease at baseline) from aflibercept studies. Statistically significant (p<0.05) BCVA letter gains were found for ranibizumab monotherapy (+11.6), ranibizumab plus laser combination therapy (+10.1) and aflibercept (+10.1) versus laser, and for ranibizumab monotherapy versus dexamethasone (+8.0). ORs versus laser for gaining ≥15 letters were 3.24 (95% credible interval, 1.03–12.56; p<0.05) and 3.07 (0.63–14.8) for ranibizumab monotherapy and aflibercept, respectively. Mean BCVA letter gains were numerically higher with ranibizumab monotherapy compared with aflibercept (+1.5 letters [-5.3–8.8]; OR for gaining ≥15 letters, 1.06 [0.16–8.94]). The probability of being the most efficacious treatment based on letters gained was 57% for ranibizumab, 15% for ranibizumab plus laser and 28% for aflibercept. CONCLUSIONS The analysis confirms the superiority of ranibizumab over dexamethasone implant and laser therapy, and shows that ranibizumab has the highest likelihood of being the most efficacious treatment for BRVO.