OBJECTIVES: Patient non-adherence to prescribed therapies has been shown to be associated with worse health outcomes. However, it is unclear the extent to which adherence varies as a function of the condition versus the patient. The aim of this study was to investigate the consistency of adherence scores across the costliest chronic conditions in the U.S. METHODS: Data from the 2010 U.S. National Health and Wellness Survey (NHWS) were used. Included for analysis were only those patients (N=32,636) who reported using a medication for their asthma, pain, congestive heart failure (CHF), COPD, diabetes, hypertension, depression, bipolar disorder, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), transient ischemic attack (TIA), or stroke. Adherence, measured using the four-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS), was assessed separately for each condition. Health utilities were also assessed using the SF-12v2. RESULTS: Among patients taking prescription medication for asthma (n=4,786), pain (n=8,984), CHF (n=905), COPD (n=1,664), diabetes (n=7,065), hypertension (n=19,475), depression (n=7,850), bipolar disorder (n=1,425), PVD (n=163), TIA (n=437), or stroke (n=507), 48.9% were male, 79.3% were white, and mean age was 54.9 years (SD=15.3). Across all conditions, high internal consistency was observed for total MMAS scores (Cronbach’s a=0.97) and all MMAS items (“careless about taking medications”, a=0.97; “stop taking medications when feeling better”, a=0.94; “stop taking medications when feeling worse”, a=0.96; and “forgetting to take medications”, a=0.97).  Number of respondents sharing any two conditions ranged from n=9 to n=4563, yet MMAS total score correlations across any two conditions were all significant, ranging from r=0.41 to r=1.00. With the exception of pain, non-adherence within each condition was associated with lower health utilities (though not always significantly: r=-0.02 to r=-0.12). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that adherence is a stable construct, consistent from condition to condition for each patient. Non-adherence on one therapy may be an indicator of non-adherence on another therapy.