OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial resistance is still a growing health problem which increases morbidity, mortality, and health costs and has been associated with inappropriate antibiotic use. In Iran antibiotic prescription rates are high in children and antibiotics are the most common medication prescribed. Teaching children about the different types of microbes and the increasing problems of antibiotic resistance with unnecessary and inappropriate use of antibiotics should not only raise awareness in our future generation of antibiotic users but also in the family environment. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the story telling in improving children’s knowledge about rational antibiotic use. METHODS: Junior (9–11 years) school classes were divided into either control or intervention groups for evaluation of the story telling. Students were required to complete identical knowledge questionnaires at three time points (before, immediately after and 4 weeks after teaching), to assess knowledge change and retention. Teaching, using story books which provided by National Committee on Rational Drug Use (NCRUD), was given by junior school teachers.  RESULTS:  A total of 164 junior students, 95 were intervention and 69 control groups, were studied. The junior story telling demonstrated a significant improvement in student’s knowledge (34.5% of change) and there was no significant decrease in student knowledge observed after a 4 week period. CONCLUSIONS:  Availability of information on the effectiveness of intervention for improving and promoting appropriate antibiotics use can facilitate implementation of strategies in this field. Regarding the effectiveness of storytelling, it is therefore recommended that decision maker place greater emphasis on the use of such interventions.