OBJECTIVES: To re-evaluate the economic consequences of parenteral glutamine supplementation (PGS) in light of the recent metaanalysis confirming that PGS at a dose >0,20 g/kg body weight per day in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is associated with reduced mortality, infection rate (IR) and length of stay (LOS). METHODS: A simulation model was updated with the new meta-analysis data and clinical inputs for the control group from Italian ICU population reported in “Progetto Margherita”. Costs are evaluated from the perspective of the Italian hospital and derive from official sources. Sensitivity analyses are undertaken to test results’ reliability RESULTS: PGS is predicted to reduce mortality rates (-29.0%), IR (-21.2%) and overall LOS (-1.07 days/patient), yielding a saving of € 1,047 per patient treated. Treatment costs are completely offset by the reduction in hospital stay costs and antibiotic costs. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicates PGS strategy as dominant in more than 90% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Also with contemporary comparative efficacy data is PGS in ICU patients expected to be effective in improving outcomes and containing costs in Italian hospitals providing intensive care.