OBJECTIVES: Uterine fibroids (UF) affect approximately 20% to 40% of reproductive-aged women. The mainstay of treatment of symptomatic UF is surgical. Myomectomy surgically removes UF while preserving the uterus. However, hysterectomy that is considered to be the definitive treatment of UF, causes infertility.The aim of our study was to analyze the prevalence of hysterectomy in Hungary among reproductive-aged women with UF to assess the societal burden due to lost fertility. METHODS: Database were analyzed. Surgical procedures for the treatment of UF (ICD-10: D25), in 20-45 years old women between 2007 and 2012 were analyzed based on  the Hungarian National Health Insurance Fund database. Economic burden of lost fertility was assessed by the human capital approach. Present value of life for a newborn child was calculated by applying 2011 GDP per capita and 3.7% discount rate. RESULTS: Among 11,095 women with surgical procedure related to UF the prevalence of hysterectomy was 61.5% (n=6827). Most hysterectomised women (n=4781) were 40-45 years old; unexpectedly a significant number of 20-40 years old women with UF had hysterectomy (n=2046). Present value of a newborn child was 262,314 EUR in 2011.   CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that immediate hysterectomy, even in women under 40 years, is still a frequently performed surgical procedure for the treatment of UF. The macroeconomic consequences of lost fertility due to hysterectomy in reproductive-aged women with UF are significant.  Even only one additional child-birth due to avoided hysterectomy would result in significant societal and economic benefits. Further scientific evaluations are needed to define more accurately the long term macroeconomic impact of preserved fertility in women with UF.