OBJECTIVES: To assess the cost-effectiveness of retreatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in combination with boceprevir of HCV genotype 1 patients, who failed to respond to previous treatment, in comparison with absence of retreatment and  retreatment with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. METHODS: We performed cost-effectiveness analysis. Based on the published data we modeled the number of long-term unfavorable outcomes of HCV (liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and death)  in the hypothetic cohort of HCV genotype 1 patients following one of three retreatment strategies: «no treatment» (NT), «peginterferon+ribavirin» (PR) and «peginterferon + ribavirin + boceprevir» (PRB). We have evaluated direct medical costs for a short-term (only cost of HCV retreament) and for a long-term (costs of medical care for adverse outcomes) periods for all strategies. Costs were estimated on the basis of average price for the drugs and reimbursement rates for medical services in the compulsory medical insurance system. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for PR and PRB strategies vs NT were calculated as additional cost per unfavorable outcome avoided.  RESULTS: It is expected that in hypothetic cohort of 10000 HCV genotype 1 patients 58,1% would fail to respond to the treatment. The estimated costs of retreatment for this group were EURO 69,07 mln in case of PR strategy and EURO 235,58 mln for PRB. The cumulative number of unfavorable outcomes of HCV during 25-year period would be 5075 cases for NT strategy, 4262 for PR  and 2012 for PRB. The long-term costs of NT strategy were EURO 205,35 mln, EURO 168,37 mln in case of PR strategy and EURO 81,4 mln for PRB. ICER for PR strategy was EURO 44532 and for PRB - EURO 36379 per unfavorable outcome avoided. CONCLUSIONS: The use of PRB strategy is efficient as it allows reducing the number of unfavorable outcomes of HCV at a lesser cost.