OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess production functions of health by measuring the various socioeconomic and expenditure factors that determine life expectancy in Eastern Mediterranean nations. METHODS: Data were taken from the World Health Organization Statistical Information System (WHOSIS) and CIA World Factbook from 1995-2006. The region of interest consisted of 21 countries. A total of eleven covariates were included in the analysis with total (population) life expectancy being the primary outcome. Lifestyle factors, expenditures (government and private), demographics, and mortality and burden of disease were assessed for cumulative effects on life expectancy. A random-effects regression model was used for analysis with a 95%CI, while observing between and within-effects among nations. RESULTS: Statistically significant variables at the p<0.05 level included: GDP, death rate, infant mortality rate, total fertility rate, life expectancy of female, incidence of tuberculosis, and time, which showed to have significant cumulative effects on total life expectancy. Between country-effects were statistically significant at the p <0.05 level for infant mortality rate and life expectancy of female. All other variables showed no statistical significance, indicating that few between-effects exist among countries from the list of selected covariates. Within-effects yielded slightly different results: death rate, total fertility, life expectancy of a female, incidence of tuberculosis, and time were significant at p <0.05. Due to the high statistical significance of within-effect covariates, future research may be directed toward looking at different regions and cities within a country as opposed to between countries. CONCLUSIONS: Health expenditure determinants had no significant association with total life expectancy in Eastern Mediterranean countries. Demographic, risk factors, and prevalence of disease variables showed statistical significance and were the largest predictors of life expectancy in the Eastern Mediterranean region.