OBJECTIVES:  Innovative treatments have transformed CML into a chronic disease mostly managed in outpatient care. This study aimed to estimate the cost of treating patients with CML as well as the cost of managing the adverse events of the disease METHODS:  A retrospective study was performed in the Heamatology Department of Evangelismos General Hospital of Athens. Study sample consisted of all patients (n=79) who visited the hematology of outpatient Units of the hospital from January 2007 to December 2011. Cost analysis was based on patient’s direct cost, including cost of personnel, supplies, medication, laboratory and imaging tests, infrastructure and various other on-site costs.  Mean annual cost per patient is elaborated separately in outpatient and inpatient care.  Inpatient costs mostly refer to the treatment of adverse events.  Cost analysis is based on each year’s NHS prices transformed in 2012 values and the National Health System (NHS) persective has been used. RESULTS: The mean annual cost per patient in chronic phase of Myeloid Leukemia treated in outpatient care is estimated at €22.972.  The most frequent adverse events managed were anemia (n=7, 9% of patients) and neutropenia (n=12, 15% of patients).   Mean hospitalization cost per patient due to the treatment of adverse events is as follows: for anemia €2.193 and neutropenia of €1.312.  The cost of treating anemia corresponds to 9.5% of the overall cost of treatment and the cost of neutropenia about 5,7%.  Annual cost of newly diagnosed patients in 2011 was estimated at €8.339, 57% lower than the respective cost of patients treated in 2007 (€14.652). CONCLUSIONS: Innovative treatments for CML have resulted in treating patients in outpatient care with lower adverse events and consequently lower cost.   Under the current economic restriction Greece is facing as well as the recent implementation of Diagnoses Related Groups, information on treatment costs provides a tool to assess NHS hospitals’ performance.