OBJECTIVES: To evaluate Public Perception towards Medicine Quality and Prices in Afghanistan. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive survey involving 1282 population in six zones of Afghanistan was undertaken. RESULTS: The study findings revealed that a total of (50.2%) of respondents agreed that imported medicines and (41.4%) said that locally manufactured medicines have good quality. High proportions (61.4%) of Afghan doctors are prescribing quality medicines, and also medicines given by public hospitals in Afghanistan are of high quality (54.9%). (38.4%) agreed that the afghan drug regulatory authority controls quality of medicine. Interestingly, (96.3%) respondents were agreed, that Afghan government should adopt health policies to control the medicine prices and expenditure. (89.6%) respondents agree that higher medicine costs negatively impacts patient outcomes. Half of the respondents (44.5%) say that in Afghanistan doctors have poor understandings on medicine prices. (68.7%) of respondents agreed that the price regulation system should be implemented from manufacturer to patients. When respondents asked, (94%) agreed that all medicine need to be disclosed on the dispensed medicine label. A round, (19.9%) of respondents agreed that medicine prices in Afghanistan are affordable to everyone. (93.1%) of the respondents said, prescription drug prices need to be regulated by the government. When respondents asked (68.2%) agreed that medicine prices are high in private hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: The first national survey on medicine quality and pricing, suggests that, the government should take firm steps to control the quality and disparate medicine prices, to ensure accessibility, availability and affordability of medicine to all. The drug regulatory authority has less control to regulate medicine quality and prices, due to critical factors, e.g. lack of qualified staff and quality control lab, insufficient salaries and corruption. No medicine pricing policy is in place and pro-poor medicine pricing policy development is crucial.