OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of treating urge urinary incontinence (UUI) on healthcare resource utilization, productivity, activity impairment, and associated costs.  METHODS: The study used data (N=75,000) from the 2011 National Health and Wellness Survey, a self-administered, Internet-based questionnaire of a nationwide sample of adults (age ≥18). Respondents with UUI or MUI were identified via 3 Incontinence Questions. Respondents with stress urinary incontinence only, prostate cancer, or (medication for) benign prostatic hyperplasia, were excluded. UUI/MUI respondents were categorized as using prescription medication (Rx users) for overactive bladder (OAB) and non-Rx users (who never used Rx and whose condition reportedly interfered with life activities or was difficult to manage). Outcome measures included healthcare utilization (type/number of resources used within the past 6 months) and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire-based scores. Direct and indirect costs were estimated using 2010 labor and 2008 medical expenditure data sources. Generalized linear models predicted resource use and productivity as a function of treatment status, adjusting for covariates (e.g., sociodemographics, BMI, OAB severity, UUI vs. MUI, and comorbid status) that may also predict impairment.   RESULTS: Among 1,190 UUI/MUI respondents, 481 were defined as Rx and 709 as non-Rx users. Rx (vs. non-Rx) users were more likely to be female (80.7% vs. 70.0%), older (mean=62.7 vs. 53.1), non-Hispanic White (82.3% vs. 69.7%), college educated, health-insured (94.6% vs. 81.7%), unemployed/retired (72.6% vs. 57.7%), and reporting more moderate-to-severe OAB (70.9% vs. 52.6%; all p<0.05). Adjusting for covariates, Rx (vs. non-Rx) users had lower activity impairment (41.1% vs. 46.8%), more provider visits (7.42 vs. 5.60) and costs ($18,175 vs. $13,679), and higher total direct costs ($27,291 vs. $21,493), all p<0.01.   CONCLUSIONS: UUI patients using, vs. never using, prescription medication reported lower activity impairment but higher direct costs. The findings may inform the degree to which UUI pharmacotherapy affects health outcomes.