OBJECTIVES: To quantify the economic effects of an in-vitro-fertilization (IVF) born persons in terms of productivity gains and net tax revenues for the state in Greece. METHODS: A mathematical model was developed to assess the lifetime productivity and transactions between an individual and the governmental agencies. The model distinguishes amongst three periods in economic life cycle: 1) early life, when the government primarily contributes resources through child tax credits, healthcare, and educational expenses; 2) employment, when individuals begin returning resources through taxes; and 3) retirement, when the government expends additional resources on Social Security and old-age programs. Cost of life birth with IVF was based on a modification of a previous published model developed by the authors. All outcomes were discounted at a 3% discounting rate. The data inputs, namely the economic or demographic variables, were derived from National Statistical Secretariat of Greece and other relevant sources. To deal with uncertainty, bias corrected uncertainty intervals (UI) was calculated based on 5000 Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, to examine the robustness of our results, other one-way sensitivity analyses were also employed. RESULTS: The cost of IVF per birth was estimated at €17,078 (95%UI: €16,350-€17,805). The average projected income generated by an individual throughout his productive life, was €667,651 (95%UI: €538,897-€762,862). In addition, his life tax contribution was estimated at €200,295 (95%UI: €168,669-228,670), while the discounted governmental expenses for elderly and underage individuals were at €36,570 (95%UI: €33,614-€40,463). Hence, the net present value of IVF was €163,726 (95%UI: €124,533-€192,215) representing a 547% net return on investment. Results remained constant under various assumptions for the main model parameters.   CONCLUSIONS: State-funded IVF represents good value for money in the Greek setting, as it has positive tax benefits for the government, notwithstanding its beneficial psychological effect for infertility couples and the overall productivity gains.