OBJECTIVES: The use of antibiotics is found to be irrational by patients as well as prescribers and lack of knowledge and information about the adverse effects and the increasing prevalence of resistant organisms are some of the important factors which caused it. So national education programs about the dangers of irrational antibiotic use should be the priority. Affecting on these ideas in adults takes too much time and money, but education is more effective in children and its effect on a child becomes fixed in their beliefs. This study aimed to assess and compare the effectiveness of wallpaper news and story book designed to teach children about the benefits of appropriate use of antibiotics. METHODS: The children story book and wallpaper news which have been designed and published by National Committee on Rational Use of Drug (NCRUD) were delivered to 18 primary school (9 for girls and 9 for boys) that volunteered to participate in the study in Tehran. All student of third, fourth and fifth grade have been educated by their trained teachers. The evaluation of children’s Knowledge has been done on all of students before and after intervention. RESULTS: The research results found that there was significant difference between the student knowledge before and after both interventions in girls' and boys' primary schools. (p<0.0001) and the effectiveness of wall news paper is more than story book in girls' primary school. (p<0.006). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that children stories have good impression on the level of student’s knowledge and it seems that teaching the students about the advantages of appropriate antibiotic use by using children stories can influence their knowledge significantly and its good way to increase their level of knowledge and positive behavior in future life.