OBJECTIVES Pneumonia is a bacterial or viral infection that affects the lungs, and makes it difficult to breath. This disease can cause hospitalization and sometimes death. It is the purpose of this study to examine a group of pediatric patients with pneumonia and factors such as sex, length of stay, Charlson Index, age and hospital expenses to determine how they are related to the disease. METHODS Data were taken from the 2005 National Inpatient Sample. One-way frequencies, summary statistics, table analysis, logistic regression, linear regression, and kernel density were all used to evaluate the data. We used exploratory data analysis to investigate patient outcomes. There were 5622 patients with pneumonia and a control group of 5600 patients. RESULTS Pneumonia affects 1-2 year olds more than older children. Most of the patients had a Charlson number of 0, indicating non-severe conditions. Out of 5622 patients, there were 73 fatalities. The majority of patients had a hospital expense of $2,000 to $12,000. Sex did not play a huge factor in the distribution of patient deaths. The mean age was 7.29 years old. The mean length of stay was 9.41 days. Patient procedure and diagnosis codes were analyzed to discover which codes had the most significant impact on patients, length of stay, and total hospital charges. Patients with additional diseases were analyzed to see if there was a significant difference in hospital length of stay and total hospital charges. CONCLUSIONS Patients have different hospital costs, lengths of stay, initial diagnosis, procedures and outcomes according to their sickness, and how they can be treated. Most patients that come into the hospital do not have to stay too long, have a moderate hospital expense, and are generally young children. Pneumonia is a serious illness, occasionally fatal, but it can usually be treated successfully.