OBJECTIVES: To collect real-life data from a Swedish setting on treatment patterns and frequency of urinary tract infection (UTI), amongst patients in presumed need of chronic, intermittent catheterisation. METHODS: We used the CEBRxA database, which combines data from a public claims database for the South-West region of Sweden, comprising around 1.5 million individuals, with national Swedish registers on drug utilisation and mortality. We identified two sets of patients; Population I: spinal injury, in addition to neurogenic bladder, and Population II: self-catheterisation training (GB005). A list of antibiotics, known for their frequent use in treating UTIs was used to evaluate treatment patterns. In addition, a prophylactic treatment for UTI was evaluated (J01AXX05). An antibiotic regime was defined through considering all dispatches that occurred within 14 days from each other, simultaneously (data available from 2005-07-01 until 2009-12-31). RESULTS: We identified 295 and 989 patients for Population I and II, respectively. Both populations consisted primarily of males, while Population I was on average much younger (44 vs. 65 years).  For Population I, we observed an average frequency of 2.5 UTI-related antibiotic regimes per year. For Population II, an average rate of 1.9 UTIs per year was observed, while females showed an elevated rate of 2.5. Interestingly, prophylactic use of antibiotics was widespread in Population I, with usage in 25% of patients, while for Population II, only 3% of patients had dispatched J01AXX05. An evaluation of the prescribed dose for Population I prophylaxis users, pointed to an almost continuous use, at an average 235 DDD per patient and year. CONCLUSIONS: Through studying UTI-related antibiotic treatment patterns we demonstrated a high disease burden for UTIs in two, primarily male, populations, in presumed catheterisation need. The frequent use of prophylactic treatment in the spinal injury population pointed to an even larger disease burden for these patients.