OBJECTIVES: An economic evaluation was undertaken to compare the treatment cost of patients on darbepoetin alfa (DA) 500 mcg once every 3 weeks (Q3W) and 150 mcg weekly (QW), epoetin-alfa (EA) 40,000 IU QW, epoetin-beta (EB) 30,000 IU QW and 3-times weekly (TIW) in the management of chemotherapy-induced anaemia (CIA) in Greece. METHODS: : The analysis was based on a decision tree model reflecting the local management of patients, driven primarily by their response to therapy (measured in terms of an increase in haemoglobin concentration ≥2 g/Dl). As therapies are assumed to be of similar efficacy, a cost-minimisation analysis was undertaken considering National Health Services and patient transportation costs. Different data on the dose and cost of drugs, and frequency of therapy and response rates, were obtained from the published literature, expert opinions and registries. The model was probabilistic and was used to run Monte Carlo simulations to compensate for uncertainty. Results correspond to 2011 costs. RESULTS: The mean total cost per patient treated with DA-Q3W was €2951 (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI): €2912-2992), DA-QW €3192 (95%UI: €3075-3308), EA-QW €3781 (95%UI: €3646-3914), EB-TIW €4908 (95%UI: €4563-5251), and EB-QW €3956 (95%UI: €3821-4089). Cost-savings associated with DA-Q3W were: 8% relative to DA-QW; 22% to EA-QW; 40% to EB-QW; and 25% to EB-TIW. The mean cost per response to DA-Q3W was €3999 (95%UI: €3760-€4241); to DA-QW €4326 (95%UI: €4036-4639); to EA-QW €5560 (95%UI: €5322-5790);  to EB-TIW €7219 (95%UI: €6699-7734) and to EB-QW €5818 (95%UI: €5575-6051). CONCLUSIONS: The present economic analysis indicates that DA-Q3W and DA-QW may be associated with lower cost in comparison with other options for the treatment of patients with CIA in Greece. Of the two DA-based schemes, DA-Q3W appears to be associated with lower therapy cost. Research funded by Genesis Pharma.