OBJECTIVES: The major aims of the current research are to learn the average costs of treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) in Ukraine. According to the world statistics 30 new cases are registered annually per 1 million of population. In Ukraine there are 4,434 cases of MM registered; these patients receive compensation by the government for only limited amounts of necessary medicines, with most medicines being paid for by patients themselves. METHODS: A database containing records from hospital cards (2006-2010) for patients with MM was analyzed retrospectively.  The sample was composed of 98 patients, aged 29 to 81 (mean age 62.5, s.d. 9,6; 35.6% males). Drug costs related to direct diagnosis and associated MM diseases (e.g., anemia, bone damage) were calculated.  RESULTS: The average annual cost of pharmaceutical treatment for patients with MM was 518.27EUR (1EUR=11,371UAH on 20.06.2011). Accounting for the prevalence of MM in Ukraine (4,434 cases), the total cost of treatment of MM in Ukraine is 2,297,984EUR. A significant amount of these costs covers treatment of MM-associated bone disease, resulting in an average annual cost of 70.76EUR for treatment of these disorders of MM patients. From basic therapy the most expensive were treatment schemes with bortezomib (6 patients). If patients who were treated with bortezomib are excluded from the general pool, the total costs of drug treatment will be 107.68EUR from which 64.08EUR will take treatment of bone disorders with biphosphonates. No correlations were found between sex, age, date of diagnosis and costs of treatment.  CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of the treatment practice and costs for MM patients has shown that treatment of MM with bortezomib, even though involving only a small number of patients, and treatment of MM-related conditions within the majority of patients takes the major part of total costs.