Objective: To have a better understanding of the concept of treatment satisfaction in the context of asthma and other chronic diseases. To identify and review the content of existing treatment satisfaction questionnaires and search for any evidence of a link between satisfaction and other outcomes. Methods: A literature review was conducted using MEDLINE (1996-2006), EMBASE (1996–2006), abstracts from scientific conferences (ERS since 2003, ISOQOL since 2004) and the Mapi Research Trust databases. Articles on the concept of treatment satisfaction were reviewed. Studies and randomized clinical trials describing the development or use of instruments assessing treatment satisfaction were selected for analysis. Results: Treatment satisfaction is a well-defined concept that applies to the evaluation of healthcare and treatment. Treatment satisfaction questionnaires specific to asthma (n=14), different chronic diseases (n=13) and generic satisfaction questionnaires (n=3) were identified. Asthma specific questionnaires included 1 to 40 items and covered 24 specific domains. The domain on “treatment characteristics and inhaler features” was the most widely covered with 51 items, followed by the domains on “effectiveness” and “discomfort” of treatment with 24 and 16 items, respectively. The analysis of clinical trials suggested potential links between 1) satisfaction and compliance, and 2) satisfaction and intention to continue the treatment. Empirical data showed that a satisfaction assessment could be used to differentiate products when used appropriately. Conclusion: Future objectives of clinical studies could include the 1) identification of the features of treatment that contribute most to treatment satisfaction; 2) comparison of satisfaction levels between treatments; and 3) investigation of the relationship between satisfaction and compliance or between multi-health outcomes such as Health-Related Quality of Life, symptoms and satisfaction. The information obtained from such studies could then be used to differentiate between products, to adapt treatment strategies and to therefore improve the overall management of asthma patients.