Objective: To quantify the workforce and cost implications of routine doctor-intensive (DI), nurse-intensive (NI) and pharmacist-intensive (PI) ART follow-up algorithms for HIV/AIDS treatment at the Infectious Diseases Institute, a large urban HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda. Methods: We performed a societal perspective cost analysis including health resource utilization and opportunity cost of patient waiting (PW) time. A time-motion survey was performed to estimate median health worker utilization (HWU) and PW times for different services. Unique personnel requirements were identified to determine hourly HWU per patient, which was multiplied by hourly wages for different cadres. PW times were multiplied by mean hourly wage for Ugandans. National workforce and cost implications were projected. Results: Median HWU and PW times per visit (hours) were 0.20 and 0.24 for triage nurses, 0.12 and 1.10 for doctors, 0.08 and 0.27 for pharmacists, and 0.13 and 0.05 for nurses. HWU time for refill pharmacists was 0.03 with no waiting. Hourly wages were: nurses-$4.6, doctors-$8.3, and pharmacists-$3.3. The average Ugandan hourly wage was $0.99. Total annual societal per-patient cost of follow-up was $45.2 for DI, $28.3 for NI and $16.3 for PI. Total projected national annual follow-up cost was $13.5 million for DI, $8.5 million for NI and $4.9 million for PI. Extrapolating to a national level, we project that the substitution of nurses or pharmacists for doctors would save 404 full-time-equivalent doctors per year, 18.4% of the current number practicing in Uganda. Conclusion: The use of NI and PI innovations as substitutes for DI follow-up results in substantial reductions in doctor demand and substantial societal cost savings. Since prior research suggests no adverse impact on adherence to drugs and follow-up of these innovations, serious consideration should be given to policy changes to adopt substituting for doctor for routine HIV follow-up care.