Objective: Type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes are serious and costly medical conditions. Complications related to diabetes include diabetic neuropathy (DN), heart disease, kidney disease, visual impairment, depression, and amputation. Using claims data, we estimated the impact of T1D or any other diabetes-related complications on health care charges and utilization among DN patients. Methods: Methods: Individuals who were 18-64 years old and continuously enrolled in a large US commercial plan between July 2004 and June 2006 were identified. The DN cohort was constructed by selecting patients with at least 1 DN diagnosis anytime between July 2004 and June 2005 (Year 1). We compared the prevalence of other diabetes-related complications by type of diabetes (T1D vs. T2D). Among DN patients with no or >/=1 other diabetes-related complications, we used multivariate regressions to assess the marginal contribution of T1D vs. T2D on Year 2 (July 2005 through June 2006) health care charges and utilization. Results: The majority of DN patients (7720 out of 8665) had >/=1 other diabetes-related complications, and T1D accounted for 42% of the DN cohort. T1D patients had more co-morbid medical conditions than patients with T2D (7.6 vs. 6.1 among patients with no other diabetes-related complications; 13.4 vs. 10.3 among those with >/=1 other diabetes-related complications). The prevalence was higher for all other diabetes-related complications, except heart disease, among patients with T1D than patients with T2D. Controlling for comorbidities, patients with T1D or T2D had similar health care utilization among DN patients with no other diabetes-related complications; however, patients with T1D had significantly higher total medical charges than patients with T2D among those with >/=1 other diabetes-related complications. Conclusion: Many DN patients have T1D and other diabetes-related complications, which can have significant impact on health care charges and utilization.