Objective: To determine the difference in survival quality of patients treated according to two major treatment strategies for ALL in childhood, for use in a cost-utility study. Methods: Children diagnosed with ALL between 1985 and 2003, and treated in one of five centers according to a DFCI or BFM-based protocol, were eligible if they were alive at least two years post-therapy. Parents of eligible survivors, in a cross-sectional survey, were asked to complete a Health Utilities Index (HUI) 15-item self-complete questionnaire with a “past 1-week” recall period. HUI3 health-related quality of life (HRQL) and single-attribute scores were determined for each patient according to standard algorithms. Chi-square was used to test for differences in confounding factors between study groups: gender, and age at diagnosis (in quintiles). Differences in mean HRQL and single-attribute scores between DFCI and BFM groups were tested using one-way ANOVA. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: 612 parent assessments were available for analysis: 463 for DFCI survivors and 188 for BFM survivors. No significant differences between DFCI and BFM survivors were detected for proportion of males and females (p>0.079), and age at diagnosis (p>0.243). There were no significant differences detected between DFCI and BFM survivors in mean single-attribute or HRQL scores (p>0.176). The mean HRQL score was 0.90 (SD=0.166) for DFCI survivors, 0.92 (SD=0.140) for BFM survivors, and 0.91 (SD=0.159) for the pooled set of survivors. Conclusion: Clinical research has reported previously that there is no significant difference in mortality rates between DFCI and BFM treatment strategies. These HRQL results indicate that survivors of these treatment strategies also do not experience a difference in quality of survival. Future work for the cost-utility study will focus on the incremental HRQL of patients during phases of active therapy and the costing of hospital-based health-care services.