OBJECTIVES: Diabetic foot (DF) is one of the most important complications of diabetes mellitus. If not treated properly, diabetic foot may often lead to infections, amputations, and finally to disability. Unfortunately, only few studies of the cost of diabetic foot treatment were available in Russia, most of the studies were completed about 10 years ago. We suggested that the data of earlier studies could not reflect present level of expenditures. Therefore we launched a study of the cost of diabetic foot treatment in present conditions. METHODS: . We have analyzed the data of 146 in-patients treated in diabetic foot department at Scientific Centre for Endocrinology (Moscow, Russia) in 2008-2009. The patients’ data were input into a specially designed medical information system. The patients were sorted into three main groups: 1) diabetic polyneuropathy without diabetic foot (N=37); 2) diabetic foot without amputations (N=58); and 3) patients with amputations due to diabetic foot (N=51). To calculate the total cost of DF treatment, costs of diagnostic procedures, medicines, bandaging, surgical operations, and staying in the hospital were summed.  RESULTS: . Mean cost of treatment of one DF patient was equal to 81,700 rubles (US$2,645), which is about 30% higher than previously reported figures. It is mainly due to larger introduction of recombinant insulins into routine treatment of diabetic patients.  Mean cost of treatment of DF patients with amputations was significantly higher than in those without amputations, mostly due to additional costs of surgical treatment and longer stay in a hospital. Moreover, the mean cost of medicines for DF patients with amputations was almost twice higher than for DF patients without amputations. CONCLUSIONS: . The cost of diabetic foot treatment in Russia increased approximately 30% during last 10 years.  The results will be used to assess cost-effectiveness of various drug treatments of diabetic foot.