OBJECTIVES: The construct of treatment satisfaction with medication (TS-M) provides an avenue for incorporating the patients’ voice in treatment evaluation.  In recent years, due to the growing influence of the consumer in healthcare decisions, there have been a substantial number of both generic and disease-specific TS-M instruments developed.   This study provides a review of the available TS-M measures and examples of its applications. METHODS: A literature review was conducted using MEDLINE, ISPOR Research Digest and Google Scholar to identify generic and disease-specific TS-M instruments as well as any applications of these instruments.  The review included evaluation of research articles, abstracts, review articles, news articles and editorials discussing instruments that measure TS-M.    RESULTS: A total of 39 instruments that measure TS-M were identified.  Out of the 39 instruments, four instruments were generic in nature that could be used across therapy areas and included the three versions of the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) (TSQM v1.4, TSQM vII, TSQM-9) and the SATMED-Q.   The rest of the 35 measures were disease-specific TS-M instruments covering many diseases including migraine, pain, HIV, diabetes, Crohn’s disease, oncology, osteoarthritis, men’s health and multiple sclerosis.  The instruments varied substantially in the number of items and domains they covered and included anywhere from 6 items to 46 items.  Treatment satisfaction data has been used to inform clinician decision-making, support label claims, and for supporting the marketing of drugs.  For example, in the past decade, TS-M has been used to support label claims for 17 products in Europe and in marketing effort of drugs in many therapy areas including erectile dysfunction, heart disease and diabetes.       CONCLUSIONS: Treatment satisfaction with medication can be an important endpoint for product differentiation of novel treatments.  Among the existing TS-M instruments, researchers could benefit by identifying instruments that have been developed using psychometrically rigorous standards and procedures.