OBJECTIVES: To examine the rate and predictors of diabetes monitoring in the US.    METHODS: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted on a representative, non-institutionalized sample of the US population, using the self-reported information from the 2007 Household Component (HC) of the MEPS. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2007 practice guidelines, proper provider monitoring is defined as at least two A1c tests, one eye and one foot examination annually. Health status was measured by SF-12®Version2. A logistic regression model was used to examine the predictors of proper monitoring.  Differences in health status and medical expenditures between patients with and without proper monitoring were examined using t-tests. Estimates were weighted to the total population (WTP). RESULTS:  Among 1,747 (WTP: 19,320,394) patients with diabetes, 80.64% had at least two A1c tests; 63.29% had an eye examination; and 67.51% had a foot examination. Thus, 63.36% patients (WTP: 14,065,289) received proper diabetes monitoring. Older patients (OR:1.021, 95% confidence interval (CI):1.012-1.030), non-Hispanic Caucasians compared with African American patients (OR:1.236, 95% CI:0.933-1.636), patients with a higher education level (OR:1.211, 95% CI:1.056-1.390), insurance coverage (OR:2.216, 95% CI:1.408-3.486), use of oral anti-diabetic drugs (OR:2.935, 95% CI:2.131-4.042) and insulin (OR:3.453, 95% CI:2.477-4.814) were more likely to undergo the proper monitoring. Well monitored patients had a higher Mental Component Summary score (50.09±0.37 vs. 48.51±0.45, p<0.05), but a lower Physical Component Summary score (39.95±0.34 vs. 42.28±0.47, p<0.05) on the SF 12.  Properly monitored patients spent significantly more on total health care services (+$5,243), outpatient visits (+$1,023), and medications (+$1,204), respectively (all p-values<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the US, nearly 40% patients with diabetes do not receive the proper diabetes monitoring controlling for racial and socioeconomic disparities.  Anti-diabetics/insulin use, mental/cognitive status, physical health status, and health care expenditure may also interact with performing monitoring. Barriers and cost-benefit for long-term monitoring should be studied.