OBJECTIVES: To perform cost-benefit analysis of fluconazole for VC in Russia. METHODS: Willingness-to-pay (WTP) for treatment of vaginal candidiasis was assessed. 240 women took part in the survey. A special questionnaire was designed to reveal women’s preferable methods of antifungal drug application and WTP for fluconazole in comparison with other drugs. Women were proposed: 1) to chose the preferable method of drug application; 2) to chose the preferable drug among 4 options with similar efficacy but different methods of application and price (no concrete drug names were mentioned, only prices and costs of treatment and application methods); and 3) to give the maximal affordable price for treating vaginal candidiasis. RESULTS: More than 60% of women preferred oral treatment once with the mean costs of therapy 350 rubles ($11) among 4 proposed alternatives. The median WTP for antifungal therapy was 500 rubles ($16) (range from 50 to 5000 rubles, $1.6 – 161.0) that is less than real cost of treatment with original fluconazole preparation. The cost-benefit ratio (WTP/cost of treatment) was 1.30 (range 0.09-20.6). CONCLUSIONS: Fluconazole is a cost-benefit alternative for VC treatment.