OBJECTIVES The study aimed to analysis of incidence-based cost of cervical cancer and Carcinoma in situ of cervix uteri (CIS) in Korea. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance (NHI) claim database from 2011 to 2017. Patients who had not been diagnosed with cervical cancer (C53) or CIS (D06) in the past 2-years from index date (2013~2016) were identified and the cost of 12-month post-index period were analyzed. Generalized linear models (GLMs) and log-transformed linear regression analysis were conducted and model with lower AIC score was selected, which was the log-transformed linear regression. RESULTS The incidence of cervical cancer per 100,000 person year decreased from 15.7 in 2013 to 15.4 in 2016 while that of CIS patients soared (24.6 in 2013 to 31.1 in 2016), mainly due to the increase in CIS patients aged 20 to 39. The mean annual incidence-based medical costs for cervical cancers increased from 10,636 USD in 2013 USD to 13,056 USD in 2016. The mean annual cost for cervical cancer patients without CIS or CIN(Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) were 13,567 USD, which was 5,411 USD higher than cervical cancer patients without CIS or CIN in 2016. Multivariate regression analysis showed that cervical cancer patients being older, having comorbid conditions, and not having CIS or CIN(Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) have significantly higher medical cost (p<.0001), after adjusted by other variables. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of cervical cancer is decreasing in Korea, while that of CIS is increasing. In addition, the medical cost of patient who has other pre-cervical cancer disease is lower than patients without the diseases, which emphasizes importance of regular screening. Therefore, routine screening and prevention of cervical cancer in government level as well as on a person level should be strongly encouraged.