OBJECTIVES: Changing epidemiology of pneumococcus is challenging for Public Health. In 2021 in Andalucia, incidence rate of pneumococcal invasive disease was 2.4 cases per 100.000 habitants. However, in Granada region the incidence rate was 3.8. Most frequent pneumococcal serotypes detected were 8, 3, 16F. In 2022, pneumococcal conjugate vaccination coverage was from 20.1% in 60 years old adults to 70.2% in 71 years old. Our main aim is to identify the demographic risk factors, which serotypes produced invasive disease, outcome of infection and vaccination coverage related.

METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted from 2021 to 2022. The selection criteria were patients from our hospital in Granada, with blood cultures positive for pneumococcus whose samples were sent to the Microbiology National Center. Our main variables were the serotype and vaccination coverage. Frequency distribution analysis was proceeded.

RESULTS: Total of cases was 33. 42.4% were under 60 years old. 42.4% were women. In December 2022, 24.2% got infected. In 2021, 42.4% of cases occurred and 57.6% in 2022. There was no lethality in 2021 and 9% in 2022. In 2021, 28.6% of patients had pneumonia and 63.2% in 2022. Most frequent serotypes in 2021 were 22F, 9N and 23B whereas in 2022 were 8,3, and 11A. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination coverage was 89.5%. Prevenar13 would protect against 18,75% of the serotypes circulating within this period, Pneumovax23 against 43,75% and Apexxnar against 37,5%.

CONCLUSIONS: In 2022, pneumococcal serotypes differed from 2021, and pneumonia cases and lethality were higher than in 2021. Vaccination coverage was acceptably high, however almost half of the hospitalized patients were under 60, who do not have financed indication to get vaccination with no risk factors. Higher protection from vaccination to pneumococcal invasive disease and more studies with evaluation of multiple risk factors are needed to continue monitoring pneumococcus alongside new vaccines.