Objectives: Aim of the study was to assess the body composition, gripping strength, balance state, physical activity, quality of life, and mental state of women with post-menopausal bone density lower than physiologycal, as well as to examine the bone density of calcaneus using quantitative ultrasound.

Methods: In our prospective cross-sectional study, we randomly selected 80 postmenopausal women (68.3±7.24 years) who had previously been diagnosed with non-physiological bone density. The measurements were performed from June 2019 to October 2019 in Hungary. A questionnaire was used to assess quality of life, physical activity, and depression. Balancing ability was measured by Stork test, while OMRON body composition monitor BF511 was used to examine body composition, Digital Hand Dynamometer for measuring gripping force, and Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound for bone density.

Results: Body composition determination has showed us low muscle mass (26.08±3.99) and high body fat percentage (39.09±7.23). Examination of static balancing ability and bone density showed weak (r=0.279) and moderate (r=0.329) positive relationship with the dominant leg. Weak positive relationship was found in the measurement of gripping force (r=0.2), in addition, there was a significant (p=0.017) difference between osteoporosis (19.4±7.91 kg) and osteopenia (24.9±9.63 kg). Low bone density and physical activity showed only a partial relationship. We found significant differences in physical function, physical role, physical pain, general health, and social function (p<0.001) compared with healthy women, and vitality was also significant (p=0.001). No significant differences were found (p>0.05) in the emotional role and mental health. There was a weak positive relationship in case of mild (r=0.156) and a moderate positive relationship in case of moderate (r=0.392) and severe (r=0.452) depression.

Conclusions: Based on the results non-physiological bone density shows a relationship with body composition, balance, gripping force, quality of life, mental state and partly with physical activity.